Burner nozzle



Dec. 25, 1923. 1,478,370

W. T. ADOLPHSEN BURNER NOZZLE Filed March 25 1922 til wn'uzssassINVENIQR 1 I 7 ATTORNEYS Patented Dec: 25, @233,

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Application and time 235,1922. semi no. ceaeae.

adapted to atomize liquid fuels such as heavy crude oils and todischarge theminto a combustion chamber in the form of a thoroughlybroken up readily combustible fog- 1 like mist or spray.

All)

This object,'and others, including a simple, easily manufactured durableconstrue tion,are attained by the arrangement of arts illustrated in thedrawings and set orth in the followingspecification.

Referring to the drawings Fig. 1 is a central vertical partial sectionthrough the nozzle and its connecting pipes, constituting the burner;Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on the line Ill-11 of Fig. 1; andFig. 3 is a perspective view of the central member of the burner.

lln burning such heavy fuels as crude oil, tar and the like, it isnecessar to break u the heavy hydro-carbon liquid into sma globules orparticles, and to mix these with an oxygen burning gas, and to introducethese into a heated chamber, in order to secure a ready combustion ofsuch fuels. 7

It has been customary, and is the common ractice, to dischar e suchfuels into the urnace through a burner by means of a gas such as air orsteam, which passes through the burner and picks up the fuel at somepoint therein, in such manner as to .atomize the liquid iiuel as it isdischarged into the furnace.

My invention employs this old and well known principle, and theimprovement lies in the change of construction'and arrangement of parts,whereby the gas is caused to harm a vortex at the end of a burner supplypipe in such a manner as to draw the-fuel from the pipe and efiectivelyatomize it. Particularly, my arrangement secures the discharge of thecarrying gaseous fluid, such as air or steam, from a narrow. annularopening surrounding an outlet at the tip of the burner from which theliquid fuel emerges unmixed with said gaseous fluid. In additiontodischarging the carrying gas from such a narrowcircular openingsurroundin the fuel outlet, ll provide means so that t is gas emergeswith a centrifu a1, or whirling action forming a vortex, an it is thisarrangement that draws the liquid from the pipe and secures'theveryeficient atomizin of the fuel, and consequently the rear rare,

more rea y and complete combustion thereof in the furnace.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawin s the burner, or nozzle, is attachedto a iue SllPa ply p pe 1 by a connecting member 2 of standard form,which is attached to the nozzle casing 3 by a standard unionconstruction comprising an internally threaded member a having aninternal flange 5 adapted to engage an external flange 6 on the unionmember 2. When the member 4 is turned down on the threaded end of thecasing 3 the flan e 5 draws the flange 6 inward to- Wards t e end of thecasing 3, as is obvious. This is a well known pipe union arrangement.

A supply pipe 7 is threaded laterally into the casin 3 and is adapted tosupply gaseous terior flange 9 at its rear end. This flange is adaptedto seat in an annular cut-out portion at the base of the casing 3, andis clamped therein by contact of the .union member 2, which has acorresponding cutout portion at its forward end adapted to fit over theflange 9, all as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. Consequently, when theouter sleeve member 4: of the union is turned down, the flange 9 or thecentral member 8 is clamped between the base of the sleeve 3 and theforward end of the member 2, and held rigidly in position.

The central member 8 has an axial bore 10 extending therethrough. Thisbore connects with the central bore through the member 2 andconsequently with the supply pipe 1, and at its forward end opens at thetop of the burner or nozzle. v

The central opening in the sleeve member 3 is slightly larger than theexterior diameter of the core member 8, so that there is a circularpassage or chamber 11, surrounding the central member 8 and extending tothe tip of the burner. This chamber is entirely closed at the rear ofthe burner by the clamping of the flange 9 against the base of thecasing 3, as will be obvious. At the forward end of the burner thecasing member 3 has its central bore restricted by a taered shoulder 12,which extends inward uniormly, leaving onl a very slight circularpassage 13 surroun ing the tip of the central core member 8, as clearlyillustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Near the forward end of the burner, and just inside the shoulder 12, thecore member 8 has a series of spirall arran ed threads or flanges 14 onits perip cry, an extending outward to contact with the inner wall ofthe casing 3. Ordinarily these flanges are made by leaving a collar onthe exterior wall of the core member 8, and then cutting out spiralchannels in this collar. But the method of formation of the raisedspiral flanges 14: is unimportant and they may be provided by a separatemember or otherwise, as will be evident. lhe essential thing is to havespiral passages 15 formed in the chamber 11. It will be observed thatthese flanges 14: are situated a short distance behmd the restrictinannular col- I lar 12, and the annular out et opening 13,

at the tip of the burner or nozzle. While the pitch of these flanges,their extents, and the space between their ends and the outer end of theburner may vary in burners of diflerent sizes and for difl'erent uses,the relative proportions are preferably preserved substantially as shownin the drawin s.

llhe operation of this device is as follows:

It will be understood that the pipe 1 leads to some source of fuelsupply, as for example an oil tank positioned slightly above the burner,whereby to providea head of oil sufiicient to cause it to flow throughthe pipe 4 and bore 10 of the burner core. 'Suitable valves and pressuremechanism will be provided so that the flow of'fuel can be accuratelyregulated, and turned 0E.

and on as desired.

The pipe 7 is preferably connected to generated, in which case air maybe used exclusively.

With a supply of oil furnished through the pipe 1 and flowing throughthe bore 10 and naraeve out of the tip of the nozzle, steam or air underpressure is admitted to thepipe 7 and consequently passes through theannular chamber 11, through the spiral passages 15, and out of thecircular opening 12, which surrounds the outlet 10 of the fuel.

As the gas under pressure is forced through the spiral passages 15, andthence through the narrow outlet 13, it is given a whirlmg centrifugalaction, and that action, resulting in a vortex of whirlin as surroundingthe outlet of the liquid fuel, results in the withdrawal of the fuelfrom the bore 10 by vacuum or suction action, the breaking up of thefuel, and the carrying it forward and sup lying of it to the furnace ina thorough y atomized condition, most suitable for combustion.

The burner, when properly fed, will produce a real fog-like mist whichis thrown to all parts of the combustion chamber, and will produce anintense heat and complete combustion.

I claim:

1. A burner for liquid fuels com rising a hollow imperforate core membera apted to carry fuel to the tip of the burner, a concentric sleevesurrounding the core and coextensive therewith, a restrictin memberpositioned between the core and s eeve near the tip of the nozzle, thewall of the sleeve being thickened adjacent its outer extremity to forma second restricting member spaced slightly away from the first andforming a chamber therebetween, the second restricting member limitingthe outlet of the chamber to a narrow annular slit of cylindrical shapesurrounding the tip of the fuel-ca ing core, both the bore of the coreand t c said cylindrical annular slit terminating in the same plane.

2. A liquid fuel burner nozzle comprising a hollow sleeve member and aconcentric core member positioned inside the sleeve, the core memberhaving a bore therethrough adapted to carry fuel directly to the ti ofthe burner, the internal diameter of the s eeve being larger than theexternal diameter of the core whereby to form a continuous annularpassage around the core, an internal flange at the tip of the sleeverestricting said passage around the outer end of the core to a narrow clindrical slit, a series of s irally shaped danges on the core inside51s said restricting flange of the sleeve and spaced slightly therefrom,the discharge ends of both the bore of the core and the said cylindricalslit terminating in the same plane, and an inlet to the said chamberaround the core whereby to supply a gas under pressure.

3. A liquid fuel burner nozzle comprising a core member having alongitudinal bore therethrough, a co-extensive sleeve member positionedabout the core and forming an ma am annular chamber between the core andsleeve, means restrictin the size of the said annular chamber at t eextreme forward end of the nozzle to form a narrow cylindrical outletport around the core and from the said annular chamber, the dischargeends of both said bore and the said cylindrical outlet port terminatingin the same plane means positioned in the chamber spaced slightly fromthe said outlet port whereby to give gaseous fluid passing through thechamber a-swirling motion before entering the said outlet port, andconnections to supply a liquid fuel to said bore and a gaseous fluidunder pressure to the said annular chamber.

4. A liquid fuel burner nozzle comprising a hollow cylindrical casinghaving its bore restricted adjacent its outer end and enlarged at itsinner end, a cylindrical core provided with an axial duct extendingcompletely therethrough and having flange at one extremity neatly ttinwithin the enlarged bore of the casing an an exan annular I ternallyspirally grooved collar adjacent its opposite extremity snugly fittingthe bore of the casing, the annular flange and collar cooperating withthe casing to center the core with respect to the bore thereof andprovide an annular chamber therebetween, locking means for preventingrelative longitudinal. movement between the core and casing, the spacebetween the restricted outer bore of the casing and the exterior of thecore forming a narrow annular outlet passage from the chamber, thedischarge ends of both said passage and the said axial duct terminatingin the same plane, means for supplying a gas under pressure to theannular chamber, and said locking means being recessed to provide apassage registering witli the said axial duct for supplying liquid fuelthereto.

In testimony whereof, I sign my name.

WILLIAM T. ADOLPHSEN. Witness:

EDWIN 0. dorms.

